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Fear

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The second key component of the PAR Model is concept of fear. Violence is a strategy for getting power and control. This strategy comes from two sources:

1) It is taught as a legitimate method for gaining power and control, and

2) It is a response to fear.

The PAR Model identifies nine manifestations of fear. By recognizing fear and applying healthy, nonviolent power and control strategies, violence can be avoided and resiliency strengthened.

The nine manifestations identified under the model are fear of:

1. Imperfection.

2. Need.

3. Failure.

4. Loss of identity, ordinariness.

5. Annihilation, emptiness.

6. Deviation from the norm, not belonging.

7. Pain.

8. Weakness.

9. Resolution through conflict.

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